Energy transition is an essential element of the global effort to meet the objectives set out in the 2016 Paris Agreement on climate change.
China and the European Union (EU) have agreed to work together to help deliver the financing needed to achieve energy transition, but more is needed.
Policymakers are increasingly concerned with the climate-related security risks—the adverse effects of climate change on peace and security.
European Union (EU) member states established the Civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Compact in 2018 to strengthen civilian CSDP missions. Among other things, they committed to promoting better representation of women. Women have remained underrepresented at most levels in these missions, including leadership.
European Union (EU) member states established the Civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Compact in 2018 to strengthen civilian CSDP missions. Among other things, they committed to increasing the number and share of seconded personnel in these missions. Both had been decreasing in previous years.
This SIPRI Policy Brief contributes to the discussion on missile proliferation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) by providing an overview of regional missile arsenals, and by considering ways to address related risks.
This SIPRI Policy Brief describes European responses to secondary sanctions that the United States imposed on Iran after withdrawing from the 2015 nuclear agreement, or the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). In particular, it looks at the Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX), which was established by France, Germany and the United Kingdom in 2019 to facilitate European–Iranian trade, initially focusing on the humanitarian sector.
There has been considerable attention on the conventional climate mitigation and adaptation debate in Africa, including the prominent efforts of the African Group of Negotiators on Climate Change in global climate forums. However, there is little understanding of how the African Union (AU) is discussing and responding to the security implications of climate change.
This research explores the underlying assumptions of interventions by international non-governmental organizations and United Nations peace operations in the provision of security and justice, and compared them with the perceptions and experiences of local population in the Central African Republic and in South Kivu province, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
When European Union (EU) member states established the Civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Compact, in November 2018, they committed to actively promoting a better representation of women at all levels in the missions. Although women’s representation has improved in the past decade, women remain under-represented in all missions. One year into the implementation phase of the compact, the number and the share of women in missions have yet to increase.
When European Union (EU) member states established the Civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) Compact in November 2018, they committed to increasing the number and share of seconded personnel in missions. Both had been decreasing in the previous years. One year into the implementation of the compact, these trends have not yet been reversed.