Stockholm Papers (1969–75)
Peaceful applications of nuclear explosives is a subject dealt with in the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which has recently entered into force. It is an issue that is intimately connected with arms control and the development of weapons technology.
In this study Dr. Marvin Kalkstein, of the State University of New York, discusses the implications of peaceful nuclear explosives for arms control and disarmament. He considers in particular which international arrangements and control measures might be appropriate.
Communication satellites provide an improved means of sending telephone, telegraph, radio and television signals and other data over vast areas. Their development, which is proceeding rapidly, will increase the ease of international communication. Some people fear that this will lead to more intense propaganda and to cultural hegemony by the countries with technological and economic leadership. Others hope that it will bring educational television to the less developed countries. Still others feel that the political and social effects have been exaggerated.
Differences in the reporting of international events in different countries can be an important element in international misunderstanding. This is a case study of these differences and of how they occur.
The subject is a set of meetings of the Eighteen Nation Disarmament Committee held in Geneva in July 1968. The first part of the study is an account of the press arrangements and of the ways in which information reached the journalists from day to day. The arrangements are found to be noticeably defective.
Leading seismologists from ten countries including four nuclear powers present a fresh assessment of the state of the art of seismic detection and identification of underground nuclear explosions, a subject of importance for any future negotiation of a comprehensive test ban.
In the United Nations' General Assembly, a summary of the report was welcomed and praised by the delegates of many nations.
Article VIII.3 of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) states that: "Five years after the entry into force of this Treaty, a conference of Parties to the Treaty shall be held in Geneva, Switzerland in order to review the operation of this Treaty with a view to assuring that the purposes of the Preamble and the provisions of the Treaty are being realized". This Review Conference will take place in May 1975.
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