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Governments have a legal obligation to ensure effective regulation of arms exports and to monitor and supervise the movement of arms to ensure that they do not fall into unauthorized hands. The purpose of this book is to provide a detailed picture of how governments discharge this responsibility. Individual chapters describe the national efforts of 24 governments to control arms transfers, concentrating on the legal framework that exists to regulate arms exports. The book also includes discussions of existing multilateral arms transfer control regimes, including those of the United Nations, the Co-ordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM), the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), and arms embargoes agreed by the Council of Ministers of the European Community (EC) in the framework of European Political Co-operation. Every effort has been made to produce a comprehensive compendium, but total success has been prevented by the continued failure of some governments to release adequate information into the public domain. The 24 countries studied in this volume are among the 68 countries which exported major conventional weapons in the period 1981-90. The arms export values, all the recipients of major weapons from each of these countries in this period, and graphic presentations of governmental decision-making are given in 30 tables and figures.
Contents
Introduction
Ian Anthony
Part I. Country studies
1. Australia
Ian Anthony
2. Austria
Herbert Wulf
3. Belgium
Agnès Courades Allebeck
4. Brazil
Agnès Courades Allebeck
5. Canada
Ian Anthony
6. Czechoslovakia
Jirí Matousek
7. Denmark
Espen Gullikstad
8. Finland
Espen Gullikstad
9. France
Agnès Courades Allebeck
10. The Federal Republic of Germany
Herbert Wulf
11. Israel
Ian Anthony
12. Italy
Paolo Miggiano
13. Japan
Ian Anthony
14. The Netherlands
Ko Colijn and Paul Rusman
Appendix 14A. Changes in the arms export policy of the Netherlands
15. Norway
Espen Gullikstad
16. Poland
Katarzyna Zukrowska
17. Portugal
Agnès Courades Allebeck
18. Singapore
Ian Anthony
19. Spain
Evamaria Loose-Weintraub
20. Sweden
Espen Gullikstad
21. Switzerland
Herbert Wulf
22. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Herbert Wulf
23. The United Kingdom
Ian Anthony
24. The United States
Ian Anthony
Part II. International regimes
25. The Co-ordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls
Ian Anthony
26. The European Community and arms export regulations
Agnès Courades Allebeck
27. The Missile Technology Control Regime
Ian Anthony
28. United Nations deliberations on the arms trade
Herbert Wulf
29. United Nations embargoes against the Republic of South Africa
Herbert Wulf
Annexes
Annexe A. List of national legislation on arms export regulation
Prepared by Ian Anthony
Annexe B. Bibliography of works on arms trade control
Prepared by Ian Anthony
About the editor
lan Anthony (UK) was a Researcher on the SIPRI Arms Transfers and Arms Production project. He is the author of the SIPRI monograph, The Naval Arms Trade (1990) and a co-author of the SIPRI Research Report, West European Arms Production: Structural Changes in the New Political Environment (1990). He is the author of several chapters in the SIPRI Yearbooks.
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